Handbook of textile fibres pdf free download

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Definition Textile Products Range

2. What is Textile Fiber?

Definition Types of Textile Fiber Important Parameters of Textile Fiber

3. Classification of Textile Fibers

“textilis” meaning “to weave”

“Anything which is made from fibers (natural or man made) either for clothing or aesthetic purposes is known as textile.”

Definition of Textile by Oxford Dictionary:

“The Branch of Industry involved in the manufacturing of cloth.”

Fabrics composed of two sets of yarns. One set of yarns, the warp, runs along the length of the fabric. The other set of yarns, the fill or weft, is perpendicular to the warp.

Fabrics made from only one set of yarns, all running in the same

direction. Some knits have their yarns running along the length (Wales) of the fabric, while others have their yarns running across the width (Courses) of the fabric. Knit fabrics are held together by looping the yarns around each other.

A textile structure held together by interlocking of fibers in a random web, accomplished by mechanical, chemical, thermal means. Generally, fibers that range in length from to inches are used.

Textile raw material generally characterized by high ratio of length to width, fineness and flexibility

For fiber to be called textile fiber, following things are necessary:

I. Length must be several hundred times width

II. Must be strong but extremely flexible

On basis of length , there are two main types of fiber

Short fibers, typically ranging from 1/2 inch up to 18 inches long. Wool, cotton, and flax exist only as staple fibers.

* Manufactured staple fibers are cut to a specific length from the continuous filament fiber.

A manufactured fiber of indefinite length (continuous), extruded from the spinneret during the fiber production process.

A metal nozzle type device with very fine holes used in the spinning process of manufactured fibers. The spinning solution is forced or extruded through the small holes to form continuous filament fibers. The holes in the spinneret can vary in diameter to produce fibers of various denier.

Fiber Length Fiber Strength Flexibility Fineness Crimp

The natural fibers are those which are provided by nature in ready made fibrous form.

Vegetable Fibers: Comprised of Cellulose

Animal Fibers: Obtained from Animals

Mineral Fibers: Naturally occurring solid substance